Designing a responsive website you would want your elements to be dynamic in their behavior such as width, height, resolution, etc according to the different screens and devices using the website. Here using flexbox your website elements get adjusted according to the different device screen sizes.

What is Flexbox?

Flexbox layout makes elements change their behavior according to the type of device displayed on them. Flexbox layout is one-dimensional and allows the placement of elements inside a container. Flexbox History

Flexbox was introduced in CSS3 to arrange items more efficiently and dynamically before we have four layout methods.

• Block It creates sections on a web page.
• Inline It is a layout method that is used for text.
• Table It is used for a table with two-dimensional data.
• Positioned It is used for a definite (fixed) position of an element.

Flexbox Components

It consists of two components.

• Flex-container To set container element's to the display property to flex i.e display: flex will enable flexbox properties to this container. Flexbox properties specify how browsers should layout items within the flexible box model.

Note: Here flex tells the browser to display the selected HTML element as a block-level flexible box model.

• Flex-items: Flex items are the direct child of a flex container.

.container {
  display: flex;
}

Flexbox axis

• Main axis It is defined by flex-direction (from left to right). Axis has four values row, row-reverse, column, and column-reverse.
  

If you choose a row or row-reverse value, the flex container and items will be aligned horizontally. Whereas if you choose column or column-reverse values, the flex container and items will be aligned vertically.

• Cross Axis The direction of the axis is perpendicular to the main axis.
  

If your flex-direction (main axis) is to row or row-reverse then the cross axis will move along to columns downward. Whereas if your flex-direction (main axis) is to column or column-reverse then the cross axis will move along to rows.

Note: Both of the axes have a starting, an ending point, and a certain length between these points.

Let's go & see some flexbox properties

Flexbox properties

Flex-direction

Flex items as primarily laid out either in horizontal rows or vertical columns.

Syntax

.container {
  flex-direction: row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse;
}

• row(default) Left to Right in LTR || Right to Left in RTL
• row-reverse Right to Left in LTR || Left to Right in RTL
• column Top to Bottom
• column-reverse Bottom to Top

Flex-wrap

In flex-wrap, if there is not enough space in the container the items will move on multiple lines. The initial value of the flex-wrap property is nowrap.
Syntax

.container {
  flex-wrap: nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse;
}

• nowrap (default) All flex items will be on one line.
• wrap Flex items will wrap onto multiple lines, from top to bottom.
• wrap-reverse Flex items will wrap onto multiple lines from bottom to top.

Flex-flow

We can set flex-direction and flex-wrap properties using flex-flow.

Syntax

.container {
  flex-flow: column wrap;
}

Justify-content

It is used to align the items on the main axis, the direction in which flex-direction has set the flow.
Syntax

.container {
  justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | space-evenly | start | end | left ;
}

• flex-start (default) Items are packed toward the start of the flex-direction.
• flex-end Items are packed toward the end of the flex-direction.
• start Items are packed toward the start of the writing-mode direction.
• end Items are packed toward the end of the writing-mode direction.
• left Items are packed toward the left edge of the container.
• right Items are packed toward the right edge of the container.
• center Items are centered along the line.
• space-between Items are evenly distributed in the line.
• space-around Items are evenly distributed in the line with equal space around them.
• space-evenly Items are distributed so that the spacing between any two items is equal.

Align-items

It specifies how browsers should position a flexible container's items along the cross-axis of the flexbox.
Syntax

.container {
  align-items: stretch | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline;
}

• stretch (default) Stretch to fill the container (still respect min-width/max-width).
• flex-start Items are placed at the start of the cross-axis.
• flex-end Items are placed at the end of the cross-axis.
• center Items are centered on the cross-axis.
• baseline Items are aligned such as their baselines align.

Align-content

It alters the behavior of the flex-wrap property and is pretty much similar to the align-items property with the only difference being that it aligns the flex lines rather than the flex elements.
Note: This property only takes effect on multi-line flexible containers, where flex-wrap is set to either wrap or wrap-reverse).
Syntax

.container {
  align-content: stretch | flex-start | flex-end | center | stretch | space-around | space-between;
}

Gap, row-gap, column-gap

It applies that spacing only between items not on the outer edges.
Syntax

.container {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  gap: 10px 20px;  /* row-gap column gap */
  row-gap: 10px;
  column-gap: 20px;
}

For Practice

You can check out this flexbox game 👉 https://flexboxfroggy.com/

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